Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Imishini yokwakha imigwaqo yesimanje inquma ukuthi isakhiwo sendlela sifinyelela yini ubuningi baso obubekiwe, ukushelela, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Kokubili emisebenzini ye-asphalt kanye nekhonkrithi, ukushintsha kusuka emishinini yokugandaya kuya emishinini yokuminyanisa - ikakhulukazi ama-roller omgwaqo - kuchaza ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi ipharamitha yezinto ezibonakalayo. Konjiniyela namaqembu okulungisa, ukuqonda ukuthi le mishini isebenzisana kanjani kulo lonke uchungechunge lokugandaya nokubopha kubalulekile ekugwemeni ukwehluleka kokuqina, amaphutha ebusweni, kanye nokulungiswa kabusha okubizayo.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kuhlola ukuhamba komsebenzi okugcwele kusukela ekubekweni kwezinto kuya ekuqineni kokugcina, kugxile ekucushweni kwemishini, ukucabanga kokusebenza, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo ngaphakathi kwemishini yokwakha imigwaqo.
Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo we-asphalt okuvamile kulandela ukulandelana okuhlelekile: ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade, ukuhlanganiswa kwesisekelo, ukugoba i-binder kanye ne-surface course, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuqeda, kanye nokumaka. Ekwakhiweni kwe-pavement eqinile, ukufakwa kwekhonkrithi kuthatha indawo ye-pavement ye-asphalt, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kuhlala kubalulekile ezingqimbeni zesisekelo kanye neze-sub-base.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izigaba, ukugandaya kanye nokuqina kwakha umongo wesakhiwo. Umshini wokugandaya ulawula ukujiya kwezingqimba, ububanzi, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ama-road rollers — imishini eyinhloko yokugandaya — aqinisa ungqimba ukuze kufezwe okuqukethwe okungenalutho kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Noma yikuphi ukungafani phakathi kokukhipha ukugandaya kanye nomthamo wokugandaya kunciphisa ukuminyana okufinyelelekayo kanye nokufana kwendawo.
Ngakho-ke, imishini yokwakha imigwaqo kufanele ihlolwe njengohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kunokuba ihlolwe njengeyunithi ezimele.
Umshini wokugandaya usabalalisa i-asphalt noma ukhonkolo ngokulinganayo phezu kwesisekelo esilungisiwe, usungula isisekelo sejometri sokuqina. Emisebenzini ye-asphalt, izingxenye eziyinhloko zifaka i-hopper, uhlelo lokuhambisa, ama-auger, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-screed. I-screed ihlanganisa ingxube kusengaphambili futhi inqume ukuwela kanye nokuthungwa kwendawo.
Izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zivame ukusetshenziswa:
Imishini yokugawula i-asphalt yezindlela zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo
Imishini yokugandaya ukhonkolo yezindlela eziqinile
Ngokombono wokusebenza, imishini yokugandaya ithonya imiphumela yokuqiniswa ngokusebenzisa:
Ukuvumelana kokudla okuphathekayo (ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa)
Ukuzinza kwesivinini sokuhamba ngepave
Ukulawula ukushisa nokulinganisa kwe-screed okufanayo
Uma ijubane lokuhamba ngemoto lishintshashintsha, umehluko wokushisa uyenzeka ngaphakathi komata. Ama-roller omgwaqo afika kamuva angase abhekane nokusebenza okungalingani, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemishini yokuminyana.
Ama-roller omgwaqo ayimishini yokucindezela ephakathi esetshenziswa ngemva kokuba imishini yokugandaya iqedele ukubekwa kwezinto. Inhloso yawo ukunciphisa izikhala zomoya, ukuthuthukisa i-aggregate interlock, kanye nokufeza ubuningi obuqondiwe obuchazwe ekwakhiweni kwendlela.
Izigaba ezivamile zama-roller zifaka:
Amarola okudlidliza e-drum eyodwa noma ensimbi ephindwe kabili
Amarola amathayi omoya
Amarola esigubhu abushelelezi anganyakazi
Kwezendlalelo ze-asphalt, ama-vibratory rollers enza ukuqina kokuqhekeka, kuyilapho ama-pneumatic rollers evame ukulandela ukuthuthukisa ukuvalwa kwendawo. Ezingqimbeni zesisekelo ezihlanganisiwe, ukudlidliza okuphezulu kwe-amplitude kuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla ezindaweni ezijulile.
Ukukhethwa kwama-road rollers kumele kucabangele ukujiya kwe-lift, izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nemingcele yephrojekthi. Ukusebenzisa ukudlidliza ngokweqile kuma-lift amancane e-asphalt kungalimaza isakhiwo somphezulu, kanti ubuningi obunganele ezingqimbeni ezijiyile ze-granular bubangela ukuminyana okungaphelele.
Nakuba ilandela ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, imishini yokumaka umgwaqo imelela isigaba sokugcina sokusebenza kwemishini yokwakha umgwaqo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike endaweni ezinzile, ecinene kahle. Ukuminyana okungalingani noma ukuguqulwa kobuso okubangelwa ukuminyana okungekuhle kuthinta ukuqina kokumaka kanye nokunemba kokuqondanisa.
Ndawonye, imishini yokugandaya, imishini yokuqinisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeda zakha uchungechunge lokusebenza oluqhubekayo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-paver kumele kubonise ubukhulu bephrojekthi kanye nencazelo yendlela. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwesakhiwo sasemadolobheni kudinga imishini yokugandaya emincane ekwazi ukulinganisa kahle ngaphakathi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe. Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu kudinga amandla aphezulu okukhipha kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile isikhathi eside.
Amapharamitha okukhetha ukhiye afaka:
Ububanzi obukhulu bokugandaya uma kuqhathaniswa nokucushwa komzila
Amandla okuqiniswa kwe-Screed
Umthamo wokudla kwezinto ezibonakalayo uhambisana nokuphathwa kwempahla yokuthutha
Imishini yokugandaya emikhulu kakhulu esebenza ngaphansi komthwalo ofanele ingenisa ukuqina kwesivinini. Amayunithi amancane avimbela ukukhiqizwa futhi acindezela ifasitela lokuminyana elitholakala kuma-roller omgwaqo.
Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokuqinisa kufanele kuqale ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto. Ama-binder e-asphalt aguquliwe adinga amasu okudlidliza alungisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxube ezivamile. Ukuze kube nezingqimba zesisekelo ezidlula ukujiya okuvamile, izilungiselelo eziphezulu ze-amplitude zingadingeka ngesikhathi sokuqala.
Amaphrojekthi asezindaweni zasemadolobheni aseduze nezakhiwo ezizwelayo avame ukudinga ukudlidliza okungaguquki noma okuphansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza komhlaba okudluliselwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebenzi yasezindaweni zomgwaqo ibeka phambili ukungena kwamandla ajulile kanye nokuminyana okufanayo.
Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-road rollers ngaphakathi kwephethini yokugoqa ehlanganisiwe kuvame ukuletha imiphumela ehambisanayo kakhulu kunokuthembela ohlotsheni olulodwa lomshini.
Ukusebenza kahle kokwakha kuyathuthuka lapho imishini yokugandaya kanye nemishini yokucindezela isebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokukhipha elivumelanisiwe. Ukubambezeleka phakathi kokugandaya nokugoqa kunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-asphalt, kunciphisa ubuningi obungafinyeleleka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isisindo se-roller singakanani.
Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zifaka:
Ukugcina isivinini sokuhamba esihambisanayo ukuze kuqiniswe izinga lokushisa komata
Ukufaka ama-roller anele ukuze ahlale ngaphakathi kwefasitela lokucindezela elifanele
Ukuqapha amaphethini okugoqa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlula okungadingekile
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sesigubhu kanye nokulinganiswa komfutho wethayi kuhlala kungaphakathi kokubekezelelwa
Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezinhlelo zokudlidliza, izingxenye ze-hydraulic, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa kuvimbela ukwehla kokusebenza obekungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nesikhathi somsebenzi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokugandaya kwakamuva kugxile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenkathi kugcinwa ukugeleza kwezinto okuzinzile. Ukulawulwa kwesivinini senjini esivumelana nezimo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic okuthuthukisiwe kunciphisa isidingo samandla ngesikhathi sezimo zomthwalo oguquguqukayo. Izinhlelo zokushisa ze-screed ezithuthukisiwe zinciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa, okunegalelo ekushiseni okulinganayo kwe-mat kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kabusha.
Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kodwa futhi kwandisa impilo yesevisi yezingxenye ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa.
Ama-roller omgwaqo anamuhla afaka izinhlelo zokudlidliza ezishintshashintshayo, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi basebenzise amandla ngokuya ngobukhulu besendlalelo kanye nokusabela kwezinto. Ukudlidliza okungadingekile okuncishisiwe kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuguguleka kwemishini.
Izindlela zokunciphisa umsindo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezithuthukisiwe nazo zibhekana nemingcele yezemvelo yasemadolobheni. Kwabakhi abasebenza ngaphansi kwezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhishwa komoya, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwemishini yokucindezela nezidingo zomthetho.
Ukuvela kwemishini yokwakha imigwaqo kugxile kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwedijithali. Izinhlelo zokuqinisa ezihlakaniphile zihlinzeka ngemephu yokuqina kwesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela amasu okugoqa aqhutshwa idatha. Ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nama-roller emigwaqo ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu okuqapha ahlanganyelwe kuthuthukisa ukucaca kokusebenza.
Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi ifake:
Ukulungiswa kobubanzi bokugandaya okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe kumamodeli ephrojekthi yedijithali
Ukuqapha kude kwamapharamitha okudlidliza kwemishini yokucindezela
Izinhlelo zokulungisa ezibikezelayo ezikhomba ukuguguleka kwezingxenye ngaphambi kokwehluleka
Ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi okuhlelekile okuxhumanisa umkhiqizo wokugandaya kanye nomthamo wokuqina
Njengoba amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda ekhula futhi imigomo yokuzinza iqina, ubudlelwano phakathi kwemishini yokugandaya kanye nemishini yokuqinisa buzoqhubeka buqhutshwa idatha. Onjiniyela, ochwepheshe bokulungisa, kanye nabaqhubi abaqonda umqondo wobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwezinhlelo zokugoqa imigwaqo kanye nezinhlelo zokugandaya bazoba nokuhlonyiswa kangcono ukuletha izindlela eziqinile ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokusebenza ezishintshashintshayo.
