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Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
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Umthengisi wezixhobo zokwakha izisombululo zoomatshini bokwakha kangangeminyaka engama-30.
Oomatshini bokwakha iindlela banamhlanje bamisela ukuba isakhiwo sendlela sifikelela na kuxinano oluchaziweyo, ukugudama, kunye nobomi benkonzo. Kwimisebenzi ye-asphalt kunye nekhonkrithi, utshintsho ukusuka koomatshini bokugawula ukuya kwizixhobo zokuxinana - ngakumbi iirola zendlela - luchaza ubunzulu besakhiwo ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na iparameter yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwiinjineli kunye namaqela olondolozo, ukuqonda indlela aba matshini abasebenzisana ngayo kulandelelwano lokugawula kunye nokuxinana kubalulekile ekuphepheni ukusilela koxinano, iziphene zomphezulu, kunye nokulungiswa okubiza kakhulu.
Olu hlalutyo lobuchwephesha luhlola indlela esebenza ngayo yonke imisebenzi ukusuka ekubekweni kwezinto ukuya ekuxinanisweni kokugqibela, lugxile ekucwangcisweni kwezixhobo, ingqiqo yokusebenza, ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kakuhle, kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kumatshini wokwakha iindlela.
Ukwakhiwa kwendlela ye-asphalt kulandela ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo: ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade, ukuxinana kwesiseko, ukugawulwa kwendlela yokubopha kunye nomphezulu, ukuxinana, ukugqiba, kunye nokumakishwa. Kulwakhiwo lwendlela eqinileyo, ukufakwa kwekhonkrithi kuthatha indawo yokugawulwa kwe-asphalt, kodwa ukuxinana kuhlala kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiziseko kunye neziseko ezingaphantsi.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izigaba, ukugawulwa kunye nokuxinana kwakha umbindi wesakhiwo. Umatshini wokugawulwa ulawula ubukhulu bomaleko, ububanzi, kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto. Emva koko, iirola zendlela - izixhobo eziphambili zokuxinana - ziyawuxinanisa umaleko ukuze kufezekiswe umxholo ofunekayo wento engenanto kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Nakuphi na ukungangqinelani phakathi kokuphuma kokugawulwa kunye nomthamo wokuxinana kunciphisa uxinano olunokufikelelwa kunye nokufana komphezulu.
Ngoko ke, oomatshini bokwakha iindlela kufuneka bavavanywe njengenkqubo edibeneyo kunokuba bavavanywe njengeeyunithi ezizimeleyo.
Umatshini wokugalela ipavu usasaza i-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi ngokulinganayo kwisiseko esilungisiweyo, useka isiseko sejometri sokuxinana. Kwimisebenzi ye-asphalt, izinto eziphambili ziquka i-hopper, inkqubo yokuhambisa, ii-augers, kunye ne-screed assembly. I-screed idibanisa umxube kwaye imisela ukuwela kunye nokuthungwa komphezulu.
Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zisetyenziswa rhoqo:
Oomatshini bokugalela i-asphalt kwiindlela eziguquguqukayo
Oomatshini bokuhombisa iipavumente zekhonkrithi
Ngokwembono yokusebenza, oomatshini bokuhombisa bachaphazela iziphumo zokuxinana ngokusebenzisa:
Ukungaguquguquki kokutya kwezinto (ukuthintela ukwahlulwahlulwa)
Uzinzo lwesantya sokuhamba ngeenyawo
Ulawulo lokufudumeza kunye nokulinganisa i-screed efanayo
Ukuba isantya sokuhamba siyatshintshatshintsha, umahluko wobushushu uyenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-mat. Iirola zendlela ezifika emva kwexesha zinokudibana nokusebenza okungalinganiyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxinana.
Iirola zendlela zizixhobo eziphambili zokuxinana ezisetyenziswa emva kokuba oomatshini bokugawula begqibile ukubeka izinto. Injongo yazo kukunciphisa izithuba zomoya, ukuphucula i-aggregate interlock, kunye nokufezekisa uxinano olujoliswe kulo oluchazwe kuyilo lwendlela.
Ukuhlelwa kwee-roller eziqhelekileyo kubandakanya:
Iirola ezingcangcazelayo zedrama enye okanye ezimbini zentsimbi
Iirola zamatayara omoya
Iirola zedrama ezigudileyo ezingashukumiyo
Kwi-asphalt layers, ii-vibratory rollers zenza i-breakdown compaction, ngelixa ii-pneumatic rollers zihlala zilandela ukuphucula ukutywinwa komphezulu. Kwi-granular base layers, i-amplitude vibration ephezulu iphucula ukudluliselwa kwamandla kwiindawo ezinzulu.
Ukukhethwa kweeroli zendlela kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubukhulu belifti, ubushushu bezinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nemida yeprojekthi. Ukusebenzisa ukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo kwiilifti ezincinci ze-asphalt kunokonakalisa ulwakhiwo lomphezulu, ngelixa ubuninzi obungonelanga kwiileya ezixineneyo ze-granular bubangela uxinano olungaphelelanga.
Nangona zilandela ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, oomatshini bokuphawula indlela bamele inqanaba lokugqibela lomsebenzi woomatshini bokwakha indlela. Ukusebenza kwabo kuxhomekeke kumphezulu ozinzileyo noxineneyo. Uxinano olungalinganiyo okanye ukuguqulwa komphezulu okubangelwa kukuxinana okungekho semgangathweni kuchaphazela ukuqina kophawu kunye nokuchaneka kokulungelelaniswa.
Xa zizonke, oomatshini bokugalela, izixhobo zokuxinana, kunye neenkqubo zokugqiba zenza uthotho oluqhubekayo lokusebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwepaver kufuneka kubonise ubungakanani beprojekthi kunye neenkcukacha zepaver. Ukulungiswa komphezulu wedolophu kufuna oomatshini abaqinileyo bepaver abakwaziyo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ngaphakathi kweemeko ezithintelweyo. Ukwakhiwa kwendlela kufuna amandla aphezulu okukhupha imveliso kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.
Iiparamitha zokukhetha eziphambili ziquka:
Ububanzi obukhulu bokugawulwa kwendledlana xa kuthelekiswa noqwalaselo lwendlela
Ubuchule bokuxinana kwe-Screed
Umthamo wesondlo sezinto eziphathekayo uhambelana nothutho lokuthutha impahla
Oomatshini abakhulu bokugada iipavu abasebenza ngaphantsi komthwalo ofanelekileyo bazisa ukungazinzi kwesantya. Iiyunithi ezincinci zithintela imveliso kwaye zicinezela ifestile yokuxinana efumaneka kwiiroli zendlela.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokuxinana kufuneka kuqale ngohlalutyo lwezinto. Izibopheleli ze-asphalt eziguquliweyo zifuna iindlela zokungcangcazela ezilungisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nemixube eqhelekileyo. Kwimigangatho yesiseko edlula ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo, useto oluphezulu lwe-amplitude lunokufuneka ngexesha lokudlula kokuqala.
Iiprojekthi zasezidolophini ezikufutshane nezakhiwo ezinobuthathaka zihlala zifuna ukungcangcazela okungashukumiyo okanye okuphantsi kobubanzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungcangcazela komhlaba okudluliselwayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imisebenzi yeziseko zendlela ibeka phambili ukungena kwamandla anzulu kunye noxinano olufanayo.
Ukudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeroli zendlela ngaphakathi kwendlela yokuqengqeleka edibeneyo kudla ngokuzisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo kunokuxhomekeka kuhlobo olunye lomatshini.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakha kuyaphucuka xa oomatshini bokugawula kunye nezixhobo zokuxinana zisebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lwemveliso oluhambelanayo. Ukulibaziseka phakathi kokugawula kunye nokuqengqeleka kunciphisa ubushushu be-asphalt, okunciphisa uxinano olunokufikelelwa nokuba ubunzima be-roller bunjani.
Amanyathelo asebenzayo aquka:
Ukugcina isantya sokuhamba esingaguqukiyo ukuze kuqiniswe ubushushu bemathi
Ukufaka iirola ezaneleyo ukuze zihlale ngaphakathi kwefestile efanelekileyo yokuxinana
Ukubeka esweni iipatheni zokuqengqeleka ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqitha okungeyomfuneko
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imeko yedrama kunye nokulinganiswa koxinzelelo lwetayara kuhlala kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokunyamezelana.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweenkqubo zokungcangcazela, izinto ze-hydraulic, kunye nezinzwa zobushushu kuthintela ukuwohloka kokusebenza okuya kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nexesha lokusebenza.
Uphuhliso lwakutshanje loomatshini bokugalela ipetroli lugxile ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ngelixa kugcinwa ukuhamba kwezinto okuzinzileyo. Ulawulo lwesantya senjini oluhambelanayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydraulic kunciphisa imfuno yamandla ngexesha leemeko zomthwalo oguquguqukayo. Iinkqubo zokufudumeza eziphuculweyo ze-screed zinciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu, zinegalelo kubushushu obuhambelanayo kunye nokunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwemisebenzi.
Uhlaziyo olunjalo alunciphisi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa komoya kodwa lukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yecandelo ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu.
Iirola zendlela zanamhlanje zifaka iinkqubo zokungcangcazela ezitshintsha-tshintshayo, ezivumela abaqhubi ukuba basebenzise amandla ngokobukhulu beeleya kunye nempendulo yezinto. Ukungcangcazela okungeyomfuneko okuncitshisiweyo kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nokuguguleka koomatshini.
Amanyathelo okunciphisa ingxolo kunye neenkqubo zokwahlukanisa eziphuculweyo zikwajongana nemida yokusingqongileyo yasezidolophini. Kwabakhi abasebenza phantsi kwemigangatho engqongqo yokukhupha ukungcola, olu phuculo luhambelana nokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxinana neemfuno zomthetho.
Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokwakha iindlela lugxile kakhulu ekudityanisweni kwedijithali. Iinkqubo zokuxinana ezikrelekrele zibonelela ngemephu yokuqina ngexesha langempela, zivumela amaqhinga okuqengqeleka aqhutywa yidatha. Ukudibanisa phakathi koomatshini bokugawula kunye neerola zendlela ngokusebenzisa amaqonga okubeka esweni okwabelwana ngawo kuphucula ukucaca kokusebenza.
Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba luquke:
Uhlengahlengiso lobubanzi bendlela ezenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiimodeli zeprojekthi zedijithali
Ukubeka esweni kude iiparameter zokungcangcazela kwezixhobo zokuxinana
Iinkqubo zokulungisa eziqikelelayo ezichonga ukuguguleka kwezixhobo ngaphambi kokuba zingasebenzi
Ulawulo lweenqwelo-mafutha oludibeneyo oludibanisa imveliso yokugada kunye nomthamo wokuxinana
Njengoko iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zisanda kwaye iinjongo zozinzo ziqina, ubudlelwane phakathi koomatshini bokugawula kunye nezixhobo zokuxinana buya kuqhutywa yidatha ngakumbi. Iinjineli, iingcali zolondolozo, kunye nabaqhubi abaqonda ingqiqo yobugcisa emva kweeroli zendlela kunye neenkqubo zokugawula baya kuxhotyiswa ngcono ukubonelela ngeendlela ezihlala ixesha elide phantsi kwemigangatho yokusebenza eguqukayo.
