Ndemanga Yabwino Yamakasitomala
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Makina omanga misewu amakono amatsimikiza ngati kapangidwe ka msewu kamakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwake, kusalala, komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Pa ntchito zonse za phula ndi konkriti, kusintha kuchokera ku makina opaka miyala kupita ku zida zomangira - makamaka ma road rollers - kumatanthauzira bwino kapangidwe kake kuposa chinthu chilichonse. Kwa mainjiniya ndi magulu okonza, kumvetsetsa momwe makinawa amagwirira ntchito pakati pa makina opaka miyala ndi omanga ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kulephera kwa kuchulukana, zolakwika pamwamba, komanso kukonzanso kokwera mtengo.
Kusanthula kwaukadaulo kumeneku kumayang'ana momwe zinthu zikuyendera kuyambira pakuyika zinthu mpaka kukanikiza komaliza, kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kakonzedwe ka zida, njira yogwirira ntchito, kukonza bwino magwiridwe antchito, komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera mtsogolo mkati mwa makina omanga misewu.
Kapangidwe ka msewu wa phula kamachitika motsatira ndondomeko yokonzedwa bwino: kukonzekera pansi pa nthaka, kukanikiza maziko, kuyika ma binder ndi njira yolowera pamwamba, kukanikiza, kumaliza, ndi kulemba chizindikiro. Pakupanga konkire kolimba, kuyika konkire m'malo mwa kukanikiza phula, komabe kukanikiza kumakhalabe kofunika kwambiri pa zigawo za maziko ndi pansi.
Pakati pa magawo onse, kupala ndi kukanikizana ndi komwe kumapanga maziko a kapangidwe kake. Makina opala ndi kukanikizana amawongolera makulidwe a zigawo, m'lifupi, ndi kugawa kwa zinthu. Pambuyo pake, ma road rollers — zida zazikulu zokanikizana — amawonjezera gawolo kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kofunikira komanso mphamvu yonyamula katundu. Kusagwirizana kulikonse pakati pa kutulutsa kwa kupala ndi mphamvu yokanikizana kumachepetsa kuchuluka komwe kungatheke komanso kufanana kwa pamwamba.
Chifukwa chake, makina omanga misewu ayenera kuyesedwa ngati njira yogwirizana osati ngati mayunitsi odziyimira pawokha.
Makina opaka miyala amagawa phula kapena konkire mofanana pa maziko okonzeka, zomwe zimapangitsa maziko ake kukhala olimba. Mu ntchito za phula, zigawo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo hopper, conveyor system, augers, ndi screed assembly. Screed imaphatikizana kale ndi kusakaniza ndi kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba.
Magulu awiri akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Makina opaka matayala a asphalt osinthasintha
Makina opaka miyala a konkriti okhazikika
Poganizira momwe zinthu zikuyendera, makina opaka matayala amakhudza zotsatira za kukanikizana kwa matayala kudzera mu:
Kugwirizana kwa chakudya cha zinthu (kuletsa kulekanitsa)
Kukhazikika kwa liwiro la misewu
Kuwongolera kutentha ndi kugawa kwa screed mofanana
Ngati liwiro la kupalasa likusintha, kusiyana kwa kutentha kumachitika mkati mwa mphasa. Ma roller a msewu omwe amafika mochedwa amatha kugwira ntchito mosagwirizana, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a zida zomangira.
Zipangizo zomangira msewu ndi zida zomangira pakati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makina opaka magalimoto akamaliza kuyika zinthu. Cholinga chawo ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, kukonza malo olumikizirana, ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa mu kapangidwe ka msewu.
Magulu odziwika bwino a ma roller ndi awa:
Ma rollers ogwedezeka a ng'oma imodzi kapena ziwiri zachitsulo
Ma rollers a matayala a pneumatic
Ma drama osalala osasinthasintha
Pa zigawo za phula, ma roller ogwedezeka amachititsa kuti magetsi aziphwanyika, pomwe ma roller othamanga nthawi zambiri amatsatira kuti awonjezere kutseka pamwamba. Mu zigawo za granular base, kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa amplitude kumathandizira kutumiza mphamvu kumadera akuya.
Kusankha ma road rollers kuyenera kuganizira makulidwe a lift, kutentha kwa zinthu, ndi zoletsa za projekiti. Kugwedeza kwambiri pa phula lopyapyala kungawononge kapangidwe ka pamwamba, pomwe kusakwanira kwa matalikidwe pa zigawo zokhuthala kumapangitsa kuti pasakhale kukwanira kwa ma lifts.
Ngakhale kuti makina olembera misewu ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe kake, makina olembera misewu amaimira gawo lomaliza la ntchito yomanga misewu. Kugwira ntchito kwawo kumadalira malo okhazikika komanso opapatiza. Kuchulukana kosagwirizana kapena kusintha kwa malo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kosakwanira kumakhudza kulimba kwa zizindikiro ndi kulondola kwa malo.
Pamodzi, makina opaka miyala, zida zomangira, ndi makina omalizitsa ntchito amapanga unyolo wopitilira.
Kusankha mapaipi kuyenera kusonyeza kukula kwa polojekiti ndi momwe msewu ulili. Kukonzanso malo m'mizinda kumafuna makina opapatiza okhala ndi mataipi omwe amatha kulinganiza bwino m'malo ofooka. Kumanga misewu kumafuna mphamvu zambiri zotulutsa komanso kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Magawo osankhika ofunikira ndi awa:
M'lifupi mwake poyerekeza ndi kasinthidwe ka msewu
Kutha kukanikiza kwa screed
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha zinthu mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka katundu
Makina akuluakulu opaka miyala omwe amagwira ntchito mopanda katundu woyenera amachititsa kuti liwiro lisayende bwino. Magawo ochepa amaletsa kupanga ndi kufinya zenera lolimba lomwe limapezeka kwa ma road rollers.
Kusankha zida zogwirizira kuyenera kuyamba ndi kusanthula zinthu. Zomangira phula zosinthidwa zimafuna njira zosinthira kugwedezeka poyerekeza ndi zosakaniza zachikhalidwe. Kuti zigawo zapansi zipitirire makulidwe wamba, makonda okwera kwambiri angafunike panthawi yoyambira.
Mapulojekiti a m'mizinda omwe ali pafupi ndi nyumba zotetezeka nthawi zambiri amafunika kugwedezeka kosasinthasintha kapena kotsika kuti achepetse kugwedezeka kwa nthaka komwe kumafalikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ntchito zoyambira misewu yayikulu zimaika patsogolo kulowa kwa mphamvu yakuya komanso kuchulukana kofanana.
Kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma road rollers mkati mwa dongosolo logwirizana la ma rollers nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zofanana kuposa kudalira mtundu umodzi wa makina.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zomangamanga kumawonjezeka pamene makina opaka miyala ndi zida zomangira zitsulo zikugwira ntchito mkati mwa magawo ogwirizana. Kuchedwa pakati pa kuyika miyala ndi kuizungulira kumachepetsa kutentha kwa phula, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchulukana komwe kungatheke mosasamala kanthu za kulemera kwa roller.
Njira zothandiza zikuphatikizapo:
Kusunga liwiro lokhazikika la misewu kuti kutentha kwa mphasa kukhazikike
Kuyika ma rollers okwanira kuti akhalebe mkati mwa zenera labwino kwambiri logwirizira
Kuyang'anira machitidwe ozungulira kuti mupewe kupitirira kosafunikira
Kuonetsetsa kuti ng'oma ili bwino komanso kuti mphamvu ya tayala ikhale yolimba, kupirira kusinthasintha
Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi makina ogwedera, zida zamagetsi, ndi masensa otenthetsera kumaletsa kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe kukanawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kupanga makina opangira miyala posachedwapa kumayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pamene zinthu zikuyenda bwino. Kuwongolera liwiro la injini komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi a hydraulic kumachepetsa kufunikira kwa mphamvu panthawi yosinthasintha kwa katundu. Makina otenthetsera okonzedwa bwino a screed amachepetsa kutayika kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa matiresi kukhale kofanana komanso kuchepetsa kukonzedwanso.
Kusintha koteroko sikungochepetsa mpweya woipa komanso kumawonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya zigawo zake mwa kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha.
Ma road rollers amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira ma frequency vibration, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu malinga ndi makulidwe a zigawo ndi momwe zinthu zimayankhira. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kosafunikira kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Njira zochepetsera phokoso ndi njira zabwino zodzipatula zimathetsanso mavuto azachilengedwe m'mizinda. Kwa makontrakitala omwe amagwira ntchito motsatira miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya, kusinthaku kumagwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito a zida zomangira ndi zofunikira pamalamulo.
Kusintha kwa makina omanga misewu kukukulirakulira pakuphatikizana kwa digito. Machitidwe anzeru ogwirizira amapereka mapu olimba nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza njira zoyendetsera deta. Kuphatikizana pakati pa makina opaka miyala ndi ma rollers a misewu kudzera m'mapulatifomu owunikirana kumawonjezera kuwonekera bwino kwa ntchito.
Zochitika zamtsogolo zikuyembekezeka kuphatikizapo:
Kusintha kwa m'lifupi mwa njira yopangira miyala pogwiritsa ntchito njira za digito
Kuyang'anira kutali magawo a kugwedezeka kwa zida zogwirizira
Machitidwe okonzeratu zinthu zomwe zimazindikira kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zisanawonongeke
Kuyang'anira bwino kayendedwe ka zombo zonyamula katundu kulumikiza mphamvu yoyenda pansi ndi mphamvu yokhotakhota
Pamene mapulojekiti a zomangamanga akukulirakulira komanso zolinga zokhazikika zikukulirakulira, ubale pakati pa makina opaka miyala ndi zida zomangira udzadalira kwambiri deta. Mainjiniya, akatswiri okonza zinthu, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amamvetsetsa bwino mfundo zaukadaulo zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa makina opaka miyala ndi makina opaka miyala adzakhala okonzeka bwino kupereka njira zolimba pansi pa miyezo yosinthika ya magwiridwe antchito.
