Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Ulimi
Umhlinzeki wemishini yokwakha wezixazululo zemishini yokwakha iminyaka engama-30.
Emakethe yanamuhla yemishini yokwakha eqhudelana kakhulu, i-Kubota, njengesiqhwaga sezimboni sase-Japan esinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwe-130, izuze idumela elihle kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngemikhiqizo yayo yokumba ehlangene. Njengomkhiqizi odidiyelwe ngokubambisana okuseduze nomkhiqizo we-Kubota, siqonda ngokujulile izinzuzo ezihlukene ze-Kubota abavubukuli mayelana nesistimu yamandla, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, ukwethembeka kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ngokugcwele izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zezinjini zokumba ze-Kubota futhi, ngokuqhathanisa okuhlosiwe nabaqhudelana nabo abafanayo, sibonise ukuthi kungani u-Kubota eqhubeka nokuhola imboni ye-excavator encane kwezobuchwepheshe.
IGugu Lomkhiqizo we-Kubota kanye Nokuphumelela Emshinini Wokwakha
I-Kubota Corporation, eyasungulwa ngo-1890, inomlando omude weminyaka engaphezu kwe-130 futhi iyinkampani ebeka uphawu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imishini eJapane nasemhlabeni jikelele. Le nkampani esineminyaka eyikhulu yasungulwa futhi isikhule yaba umdondoshiya wezimboni ohlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, okuhlanganisa imishini yezolimo, izinto zokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwezinjini, nobunjiniyela bemvelo. Emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha, i-Kubota ibigxile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni ama-compact excavator selokhu yaqala ukuwakhiqiza ngo-1974, futhi uhlonishwa njengomholi womhlaba kwezobuchwepheshe be-compact excavator.
NgoNovemba 2003, iKubota Construction Machinery (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni, okumaka ukufakwa kukaKubota kwemakethe yaseShayina kumephu yayo yamasu omhlaba, okuyenza ibe imakethe yesine ebalulekile ngemuva kweJapan, North America kanye ne-Europe. Ngokusungulwa kwenethiwekhi yama-ejenti angochwepheshe abathengisa kanye nezinsizakalo kulo lonke elase-China, i-Kubota izohlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yayo esezingeni lomhlaba kumakhasimende aseShayina. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-Kubota igcine isikhundla esihamba phambili emakethe ye-mini excavator isikhathi eside, engenakuhlukaniswa necebo layo lokugxila ezingxenyeni zemakethe - ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziphishekela uhla oluphelele lokumbozwa kwemikhiqizo, i-Kubota ikhetha ukulima ijule ensimini ye-excavator encane futhi igxilise izinsiza zayo ezilinganiselwe emigqeni yomkhiqizo oqhudelana kakhulu1. Impumelelo yabavubukuli bakaKubota ihluke ngokuphelele.
Impumelelo yabavubukuli be-Kubota ayenzeki ngengozi, kodwa isekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathu ezibalulekile: okokuqala, ikhono lokuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, cishe u-5% wokuthengisa otshalwa ku-R&D unyaka ngamunye; okwesibili, uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi oluqinile, olunazo zonke izinjini nemishini ehlolelwe ukuqina ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu; futhi okwesithathu, inethiwekhi yesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa ebanzi eqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathola ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okufika ngesikhathi kanye nezingxenye ezihlinzekwa noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Okwesithathu, inethiwekhi yesevisi ephelele yangemva kokuthengisa iqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathola ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okufika ngesikhathi kanye nezingxenye ezisele ziphakelwa noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Lezi zinzuzo zihlangene zenza indawo yemakethe ka-Kubota enganyakazi emkhakheni wezimbambi ezincane.
Incazelo yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Kubota zobuchwepheshe
Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwabavubukuli be-Kubota ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa izinjini zayo ezizithuthukisile, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezingcono kakhulu kunesilinganiso sembonini ngezilinganiso eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Uma sithatha injini ye-D722-BH-4 efakwe ku-excavator ye-Kubota U-10-3Alpha njengesibonelo, le njini engu-3-cylinder diesel ine-displacement engu-719 cc kuphela, kodwa iyakwazi ukuletha amandla alinganiselwe angu-7.4 kW (approx. isici sokukhipha okuphezulu sivumela i-Kubota compact excavator ukuthi inikeze izinga eliphezulu lokukhipha, kuyilapho igcina umzimba ohlangene. Ngenkathi ugcina umzimba ohlangene, usanikeza amandla amaningi okubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.
i-uel economy ingenye yezinzuzo eziqashelwa kakhulu zezinjini ze-Kubota. Ngokwamukela i-TVCS ethuthukisiwe (i-Three Vortex Combustion System) kanye nobuchwepheshe bomjovo kawoyela wesitimela obunomfutho ophezulu, izinjini ze-Kubota zithola ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kakhulu. Idatha yangempela yohlelo lokusebenza ibonisa ukuthi ngaphansi komsebenzi ofanayo, izinjini ze-Kubota zonga u-15% -20% kaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo efanayo.410 Lokhu kusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli akugcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zabasebenzisi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okubonisa ibhalansi ephelele ye-Kubota phakathi kokusebenza kahle komnotho nokusebenza kwemvelo. Ukuthatha injini ye-Kubota V3300 njengesibonelo, lo mkhiqizo wamasethi we-generator unezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokusebenzisa uphethiloli lapho usebenza ngokugcwele, futhi ukugcwalisa okukodwa kungasekela amahora angu-8.8 wokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Mayelana nokusebenza kwemvelo, izinjini zeKubota nazo zihamba phambili embonini. Lonke uchungechunge lwezinjini luhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya eziqinile emhlabeni, njenge-EU Stage V kanye ne-US EPA Tier 4 Final, futhi amanye amamodeli aze ahlangabezane nezidingo zemithetho yokukhipha umoya esikhathini esizayo eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kwesimiso.210 Lokhu kungenxa yenhlanganisela yohlelo lokuqala lwe-Kubota lwe-Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Selective Catalytic x nitrogen, i-oxidesNOCreduction (i-SCR). (NOx), nama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) enjini ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza kwamandla. (NOx) kanye nokukhishwa kwe-particulate matter (PM) kuncishiswa ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza kwamandla. Isibonelo, injini ye-Kubota D902 ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-EU Stage V kuphela, kodwa futhi ithole isitifiketi se-EPA-4, okuwubufakazi obanele bobuchwepheshe bayo bemvelo obuthuthukile.
Ukuthembeka nokuqina kungenye inzuzo ephawulekayo yezinjini ze-Kubota. Zonke izinjini ze-Kubota zingaphansi kwamahora angaphezu kuka-2,000 okuhlolwa kokuqina okuqinile ngaphambi kokushiya ifekthri, kulingisa izimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.2 Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nama-crankshafts, ama-cylinder blocks nama-piston rings enziwe ngama-alloy akhethekile nezinqubo eziqinisiwe, okwenza impilo yenjini ibe yinde kunesikhathi sokuphila kwenjini izikhathi ezi-6 kuya ku-3 isikhathi eside ngokweminyaka engu-2-3. isikhathi sokulungisa injini singadlula kalula amahora ayi-100,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokulungisa. izikhawu zokulungisa injini zingadlula kalula amahora angu-10,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokunakekelwa, okuletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezindleko zempilo yonke kubanikazi bemishini.
Ukudlidliza okuphansi kanye nomklamo ophansi womsindo wezinjini ze-Kubota nakho kuyancomeka. Ngohlelo lwayo lwe-balance shaft olunembe ngomshini kanye nesakhiwo senjini esithuthukisiwe, i-Kubota iphumelele ukulawula ukudlidliza nomsindo emazingeni ahamba phambili embonini. Isibonelo, i-excavator encane ye-DELEKS M180 efakwe injini ye-D902 ye-Kubota isebenza ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lomsindo kunezimbangi zayo, okuyenza ilungele ukusebenza okungezwani nomsindo ezindaweni zokuhlala nezindawo zasemadolobheni.9 Lo mklamo owenziwe ngabantu awuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukunethezeka kokusebenza, kodwa futhi unciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo, okubonisa "i-human-phicso" yomkhiqizo.
Inhloso Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza phakathi kwe-Kubota Engine kanye Nezimbangi
Emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha, izinjini ze-Kubota zivame ukuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo eyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Yanmar ne-Caterpillar. Ngokuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo okuhlelekile, singaba nokuqonda okucacile kwezinzuzo ezihlukene zezinjini ze-Kubota. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ze-Yanmar, nakuba zombili zingabameleli abavelele bemikhiqizo yaseJapane, i-Kubota ifaneleka kangcono emkhakheni wemishini yobunjiniyela bezolimo neyokwakha, kuyilapho i-Yanmar inezinzuzo zayo zendabuko emandleni olwandle.
Ngokombono wokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wenjini yeKubota ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ophakathi liphansi cishe ngo-8% -12% kunelenjini efanayo yeCaterpillar C7.1, umehluko oletha ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko kubasebenzisi uma kuqhathaniswa namanani aphezulu kawoyela. ku-Injini ye-Kubota inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuphendula zesikhashana, futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko zokulayisha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinjini zohlobo lwaseYurophu nezaseMelika, naphezu kwemingcele yazo yamandla amakhulu ahlaba umxhwele, ngokuvamile azinawo wonke umnotho ofanayo wephethiloli njengemikhiqizo ye-Kubota ekusebenzeni kwangempela.
Mayelana nokugcinwa kalula, izinjini ze-Kubota ziklanywe ngokucacile ngezidingo ezingokoqobo zabasebenzisi bokugcina engqondweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ze-Caterpillar, izindawo zokunakekela ezivamile ze-Kubota ziphakathi nendawo futhi zifinyeleleka kalula, zonga u-30% -40% wesikhathi somsebenzi wokunakekela ovamile njengokushintsha isihlungi kanye nokugcwalisa uwoyela.47 Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Kubota isungule inethiwekhi eminyene yokuhlinzeka izingxenye eziyisipele emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze zilungiswe zilethwa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuncishiswe izingxenye ezilindile. Ngokuphambene, umjikelezo wokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye zezinjini ezithile zomkhiqizo wase-Europe ungathatha amaviki kwezinye izifunda, okuthinta kabi imisebenzi evamile yokukhiqiza yabasebenzisi.
Ukusebenza kokuqala okubandayo kuyinkomba ebalulekile yekhwalithi yenjini ye-diesel, futhi izinjini ze-Kubota zibonisa izinzuzo ezisobala kulokhu. Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku--15°C, izinjini ze-Kubota ziqala ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ngaphandle kwezifudumezi ezingeziwe ezengeziwe, kuyilapho abanye abaqhudelana nabo bencika ekushisiseni amapulaki noma uketshezi oluqalayo ukuze lubase ngendlela efanele.210 Lesi sici senze abavubukuli be-Kubota baba intandokazi ezindaweni ezibandayo ezifana neRussia neCanada. I-Kubota izuze lokhu kuphumelela ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwegumbi elivuthayo kanye nesikhathi somjovo, okubonisa ukuqoqwa kwayo okujulile kocwaningo oluyisisekelo mayelana nezinjini zikadizili.
Mayelana nempendulo yemakethe, ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi we-Kubota injini kuyaqhubeka nokuba phezulu kunesilinganiso somkhakha. Ukuhlola embonini yokuqashwa kwemishini yokwakha kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokulungisa ama-excavators amancane afakwe izinjini ze-Kubota liphansi ngo-35% -40% kunesilinganiso semakethe, esihumusha ngokuqondile ekubeni khona kwemishini ephezulu kanye nemali yokuqasha. ikhwalithi yamafutha ehlukahlukene. imakethe lapho izinga likaphethiloli liyahlukahluka, okwenza amathuluzi e-Kubota agcine ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Njengomkhiqizi odidiyelwe ngokubambisana okuseduze ne-Kubota, siye sabona ukuthi i-Kubota igcina kanjani isikhundla sayo esihamba phambili emkhakheni wama-mini excavators ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezintsha eziqhubekayo kanye nokukhiqiza okuqinile. Kusukela kubuchwepheshe benjini eyinhloko kuya ekuqedeni ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yomshini, kusukela emandleni endabuko kuya ekuhlelweni kwamandla amasha, i-Kubota ibilokhu iqondiswe ezidingweni zabasebenzisi futhi iqhutshwa ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe, ibhala inganekwane yayo emakethe yemishini yokwakha yomhlaba. Kubasebenzisi abaphishekela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza okuqhubekayo, abemba i-Kubota ngokungangabazeki bayinketho ehlakaniphe kakhulu manje kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuthembekile kwekusasa.
