Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Chilankhulo
Kampani yogulitsa zida zomangira yomwe yakhala ikupereka mayankho a makina omangira kwa zaka 30.
Mu mapulojekiti amakono a misewu, makina omanga misewu amatsimikiza ngati msewu wapansi wafika pamlingo wake, kupirira pamwamba, komanso moyo wautumiki. Kuyambira kuyika zinthu koyamba mpaka kukanikiza komaliza, kuyanjana pakati pa makina opaka , zida zokanikiza , ndi ma rollers amisewu kumapanga zotsatira zomanga kwambiri kuposa zofunikira za zinthu zokha. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika unyolo wonse wa kukanikiza kuchokera ku lingaliro la uinjiniya ndi kukonza, kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe kusankha zida, kukhazikitsa, ndi magwiridwe antchito zimakhudzira kupanga, khalidwe, komanso magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ka msewu wa phula ndi konkire kamachitika motsatira ndondomeko yodziwika bwino: kukonzekera maziko, kuyika zinthu, kukanikiza, kumaliza pamwamba, ndi kulemba chizindikiro. Pakati pa magawo awa, kukanikiza ndi kukanikiza ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko a dongosolo la msewu. Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika panthawi yokanikiza sizingakonzedwe mokwanira ndi kukanikiza, pomwe kukanikiza kosakwanira kapena kosalamulirika bwino kumawononga ngakhale zinthu zomwe zayikidwa bwino.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake makina opaka miyala ndi ma road rollers ayenera kuonedwa ngati njira yolumikizidwa osati katundu wodziyimira pawokha. Kuchuluka kwa zotuluka, kuwongolera makulidwe a zigawo, ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa paver kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe zida zomangira zimagwirira ntchito m'njira zotsatirazi. Kumvetsetsa kudalira kumeneku ndikofunikira posankha makina omanga misewu pamlingo uliwonse wa polojekiti.
Makina opaka miyala ndi omwe ali ndi udindo woyika phula kapena konkriti pa makulidwe, m'lifupi, komanso mopingasa. Pakugwiritsa ntchito phula, makina opopera miyala amawongolera kukhuthala koyambirira ndi kapangidwe ka pamwamba, pomwe makina operekera zinthu amakhudza kutentha kwa mphasa yonse.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a paving amadalira:
Kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la chakudya ndi kupewa kulekanitsa zinthu
Kutentha kwa Screed kufanana ndi nthawi yoyankhira
Kulondola kokhazikika kwa kusinthasintha pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za sub-base
Makina opangira matayala a asphalt ayenera kukhala ndi mphasa yokhazikika yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino nthawi yayitali kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Kusokonezeka kulikonse kwa liwiro la matayala kapena kuyenda kwa zinthu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha malo ozizira, omwe pambuyo pake amawoneka ngati kulephera kwa kuchulukana panthawi yoyesa kukanikiza.
Ma road rollers ndi maziko a zida zomangira misewu. Ntchito yawo ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, kuwonjezera kutsekeka kwa zinthu, ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa malo ofunikira popanda kuwononga pamwamba kapena zigawo zapansi.
Magulu odziwika bwino a roller ndi awa:
Ma drama ozungulira achitsulo omangira phula loyambira ndi lapakati
Ma rollers a matayala a pneumatic ogwirira ntchito yokanda ndi kutseka pamwamba
Ma roller ogwedezeka a maziko ozungulira ndi zigawo zokhuthala za phula
Kusankha pakati pa njira zokhazikika ndi zogwedera, komanso ma amplitude ndi ma frequency settings, kuyenera kufanana ndi makulidwe a zigawo ndi kutentha kwa zinthu. Kugwedezeka kwambiri pa zigawo zoonda za phula nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuphwanyika kapena kusweka kwa pamwamba, pomwe mphamvu zosakwanira zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwerengeka kochepa kwa kachulukidwe.
Kupatula makina opaka miyala ndi ma road roller, makina othandizira omanga misewu amathandizira kupitiriza kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, makina olembera misewu amagwira ntchito pambuyo pomangika koma amadalira malo okhazikika komanso opapatiza kuti atsimikizire kuti mzerewo ndi wolimba. Ngakhale kuti amagwira ntchito pang'ono, makinawa akuwonetsa kufunika kokwaniritsa kukanikiza koyenera musanayambe kumaliza.
Kusankha ma paver kuyenera kuyamba ndi magawo a polojekiti osati kukula kwa makina wamba. Kukonzanso malo m'mizinda kumafuna makina ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi kuwongolera kolondola kwa ma level, pomwe kumanga misewu yayikulu kumayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu yotulutsa ndi kuyenda kwa zinthu kosalekeza. Kugwirizanitsa m'lifupi mwa screed ndi kuthekera kokakamirana ndi geometry ya msewu kumachepetsa nthawi yosinthira ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa matte.
Poganizira momwe zinthu zilili, makina opaka miyala akuluakulu omwe amagwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti liwiro lizisinthasintha, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zida zomangira pansi pa madzi. Mphamvu yokwanira pa unyolo wopaka miyala ndi wozungulira imabweretsa zotsatira zomveka bwino.
Kusankha ma road rollers kumafuna kuwunika mtundu wa zinthu, makulidwe a zigawo, ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Zosakaniza za asphalt zokhala ndi ma binder osinthidwa zimayankha mosiyana ndi kugwedezeka poyerekeza ndi zosakaniza zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimafuna kusintha kwa mapangidwe ozungulira ndi kasinthidwe ka makina.
Pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, magulu ophatikiza ng'oma yachitsulo ndi ma roller a matayala opumira mpweya amapereka kusinthasintha. Ng'oma yachitsulo imakhazikitsa kuchulukana, pomwe roller yopumira mpweya imakonza kapangidwe ka pamwamba ndikutseka malo opanda kanthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wa roller m'magawo onse nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zosayenera.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zomangamanga kumawonjezeka pamene mphamvu yopangira matayala ndi kukanikizana kwa matayala zikugwirizanitsidwa. Kuchedwa pakati pa kukanikiza ndi kuzunguliza matayala kumachepetsa kutentha kwa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zenera logwirira ntchito likhale lolimba. Ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito amawunika kutentha kwa matayala mosalekeza ndikusintha njira zozungulira moyenerera.
Kusamalira nthawi zonse kumakhudzanso ntchito. Ma ng'oma osweka, kupanikizika kwa matayala kosagwirizana, kapena makina ogwedera osagwira ntchito bwino amachepetsa mphamvu yogwirizira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma pass ofunikira, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi maola ogwira ntchito.
Zomwe zachitika posachedwapa mu makina opaka miyala zikuyang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso kusunga malo okhazikika a zinthu. Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa hydraulic, kuwongolera liwiro la injini, komanso makina otenthetsera ogwirira ntchito bwino amachepetsa kufunikira kwa mphamvu popanda kusintha mtundu wa kupaka miyala.
Poganizira za kukonza, kuyaka koyeretsa ndi kupsinjika pang'ono kwa kutentha kumabweretsa nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepa kwa zovuta zokhudzana ndi kutentha.
Zipangizo zamakono zogwirizira magetsi zikugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwedera zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso njira zochepetsera phokoso. Ma drive osinthasintha amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogwirizira magetsi yokha yomwe ikufunika pa gawo linalake, kupewa kuyaka mafuta kosafunikira komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.
Kuchepa kwa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa makina kumathandizanso kuti magwiridwe antchito a ogwiritsira ntchito azitha kuyenda bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magwiridwe antchito azisinthasintha komanso kuti zolakwika zochepa zisamachitike.
Tsogolo la makina omanga misewu lili pakuphatikizana kolimba pakati pa makina opaka miyala ndi makina opukutira misewu. Makina anzeru omangirirana amapereka kale ndemanga zenizeni pa kuuma ndi kuphimba misewu, zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kusintha njira zopukutira kutengera deta yoyesedwa m'malo moganizira zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe.
Kuwunika kwa digito kwa magwiridwe antchito a makina, kuphatikizapo kugwedezeka kwa makina ndi kutentha, kumathandiza kukonza zinthu moganizira bwino komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma yosakonzekera. Kwa makontrakitala ndi mainjiniya, izi zimasintha kupanga zisankho kuchokera ku kukonza zinthu mwachangu kupita ku kulamulira mwachangu.
Pamene kufunikira kwa zomangamanga kukukulirakulira komanso zovuta zachilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira, makina omanga misewu apitilizabe kusintha kukhala olondola kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kuphatikiza deta mwamphamvu. Kumvetsetsa ubale waukadaulo pakati pa zida zopachika miyala ndi zomangira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale zomangamanga zolimba komanso zogwirizana ndi malamulo a misewu.
